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Reflection of the Czechoslovak Constitution 1920 in The Constitution of the Czech Republic
Pažourek, Kryštof ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The theme of the bachelor's thesis is the reflection of the Czechoslovak Constitution 1920 in the Constitution of the Czech Republic. The main goal of the thesis is to find out what were the main sources of inspiration in the creation of the Constitution of the Czech Republic and especially how much the current basic document of the state organization differs or on the contrary agrees with the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic adopted in 1920. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the historical context in the formation of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, especially describes the important social changes in 1989 and the subsequent disintegration of the federation. After understanding the historical context, the reader is acquainted with the process of creating and subsequent adoption of the Constitution of the Czech Republic. This part of the thesis also deals with the very sources of inspiration of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, namely historical, philosophical, and foreign sources. The second part of the bachelor thesis belongs to the comparison of the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic from 1920 and the Constitution of the Czech Republic. In this comparison, emphasis is placed on the legal, executive, and judicial powers, as well as on the overall concept of the...
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Rousseau and his Influence on the French Revolution
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The "rigorózní" thesis focuses on the evaluation of Rousseau's legacy. It is based on the confrontation of two adverse pictures of his ideas. The first image sees Rousseau as a thinker who prepared with his original concepts fertile ground for diverse undemocratic regimes and ideologies. These always declare their allegiance to the loftiest ideals but only to perpetrate the biggest crimes and to deprive people of their liberty. The second image sees in Rousseau an uncompromising critic of social injustice who saw the only possibility for redemption in liberty and equality. In this case he was one of the most important thinkers who inspired people on the road to the victory of democracy and an author whose original ideas still keep to inspire and to fascinate. I argue in favor of the second picture. Rousseau's critique of the moral crisis is based on the disunity of modern social man. This disunity stems from the incessant conflict between our natural nature and the social state. Rousseau saw the only solution in the adaptation of the original nature to the new social state. This can be achieved only through an affective bond to a political whole. Just so can man keep his liberty which represents the basic value of his existence. In society it is no more a case of absolute freedom but of conscious obedience...
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Integrating Republicanism: A Conceptual Approach
Halamka, Tomáš ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee) ; Fořtová, Hana (referee)
Republicanism is often divided into neo-Roman and neo-Athenian versions. However, both traditions considered separately can provide only a limited and narrow understanding of republicanism and thus deprive the republican political theory of valuable insights. On the contrary, this thesis argues that it would be preferable, both historically and theoretically, to conceive of the neo-Roman and the neo-Athenian strands as branches of a single integrated republican tradition. The thesis begins with a methodological discussion focused on how such an integrated account might be formulated and explains its preference for a conceptual approach that follows the morphology-oriented methodology developed by Michael Freeden. The thesis proceeds to track down the earliest formulations of republican concepts in ancient Greece, then turns to the Roman usage of these concepts and analyses the similarities and differences between the two earliest appearances. The next part concentrates on development of these concepts during the early modern era of classical republicanism in Italy, England and America. Afterwards, the most prominent neo-Athenian and neo-Roman approaches are analysed and interrelated. The last chapter summarises and synthesises the most important findings: (1) Two separate narratives of the...
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The Polemic about American Republicanism
Nejedlá, Veronika ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
ANNOTATION: Bachelor thesis adresses polemic of American republicanism, which should have represented ideological challenge to the established picture of liberalism as being main source of thought of American Revolution. This thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first one reinterprets text of Republican synthesis, which is expressed in the works of bernard Bailyn and Gordon. S. Wood. And the second one deals with representative of the Cambridge school - J.G.A. Pocock. Aim of this work is to show contradictions between authors and attempt to decide the debate that was unleashed around one of the Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson.
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Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010)
Nekvapil, Václav ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
of Ph.D. thesis: Middle Eastern Conflict in the French Public Space (2000-2010) Václav Nekvapil, 2013 The main objective of the thesis is to analyse and typologise French social discourse on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on a reflection of certain opinions, interests, stances and values associated with today's Jewishness and Jewish diasporic identity. The research also contains an analysis of the official political-diplomatic discourse of both Presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Based on the methodology of typologisation and critical discourse analysis, we distinguish three basic positions related to the debate on the abovementioned topics in the years 2000- 2010: republican, anti-imperialist and neoconservative. The thesis elaborates on attitudes of presidents of the French Fifth Republic towards Israel and how their policies have been perceived by the Jewish community. The community as such is also a matter of the research: its changing religiosity, demography, immigration of Nord African Jewry and the attitude towards Zionism and the State of Israel. The thesis follows four main thematic axes when analysing arguments of the most important speakers. First, when analysing the duty of memory (devoir de mémoire), the author carefully examines moral argumentation concerning the...
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Democracy is agon: on Machiavelli's populist republicanism
Bíba, Jan ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Velek, Josef (referee)
The present dissertation deals with the relationship between democracy and agonism. It attempts to defend the idea that certain problematic aspects of contemporary liberal democracies are not due to their origin primarily in the change of social conditions (the massification of democracy, the growth of complexity in modern societies), that made the original democratic promises unrealizable, but in certain oblivion of the agon. The agon is understood as a constitutive feature of democratic society and its oblivion is seen not to be accidental. To defend this proposition I focuse on an interpretation of the dialogue between populist republicanism (Machiavelli) and elitist republicanism (Guicciardini). This dialogue is usually understood as one of the sources of modern democratic tradition. I try to explain that in Machiavelli's political theory two notions of agonism are present - pragmatic agon that sees conflict as a basis of social cohesion and strategic agon that is described as a ferocious egalitarianism employed by the second class citizens in order to gain equality from the first class citizens. These two forms of agonism are explained to form the axis of Machiavelli's notion of the political and also of a free republic and democracy. Guicciardini's elitist republicanism is shown to stand in opposition...
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Rousseau and his Influence on the French Revolution
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The "rigorózní" thesis focuses on the evaluation of Rousseau's legacy. It is based on the confrontation of two adverse pictures of his ideas. The first image sees Rousseau as a thinker who prepared with his original concepts fertile ground for diverse undemocratic regimes and ideologies. These always declare their allegiance to the loftiest ideals but only to perpetrate the biggest crimes and to deprive people of their liberty. The second image sees in Rousseau an uncompromising critic of social injustice who saw the only possibility for redemption in liberty and equality. In this case he was one of the most important thinkers who inspired people on the road to the victory of democracy and an author whose original ideas still keep to inspire and to fascinate. I argue in favor of the second picture. Rousseau's critique of the moral crisis is based on the disunity of modern social man. This disunity stems from the incessant conflict between our natural nature and the social state. Rousseau saw the only solution in the adaptation of the original nature to the new social state. This can be achieved only through an affective bond to a political whole. Just so can man keep his liberty which represents the basic value of his existence. In society it is no more a case of absolute freedom but of conscious obedience...
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Conflict in Northern Ireland
Sikorová, Tereza ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
The aim of Bachelor thesis is to process the issue of Northern Ireland conflict and its resolution and to determine the constitutes of the conflict and its possible development in the future. Because of involvement of IRA in the conflict it is also the aim to define the concept of terrorism and to assess whether the IRA is regarded as a terrorist organization. The first chapter deals with analysis of historical contexts and assumptions of the conflict. This chapter focuses on development in the period shortly after the partition of the island in 1921. The next chapter deals with the definition of the term of terrorism and its main features, developmental stages, differences between conventional and guerrilla war and its type-distribution. It also outlines the origins of the Irish Republican Army, and what elements of terrorism, the IRA shares. The last chapter includes the concrete analysis of Northern Ireland conflict since partition of the island and the process of its solution.
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